Cystitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the urinary bladder.The main types of cystitis are bacterial, viral, physiological, aseptic due to venous stagnation in the pelvic organs, interstitial cystitis, radiation cystitis.This disease should definitely be treated in order to prevent the development of a chronic process and secondary pyelonephritis, as a complication of cystitis.
Clinic specialists know how to diagnose cystitis at an early stage.Professional urologists prescribe effective and gentle therapy to quickly stop the symptoms of the disease and maintain health.
Classification of cystitis
In most cases, inflammation of the bladder lining is caused by an infection in the body.In this case, acute cystitis is diagnosed.If the treatment tactics are wrong or the symptoms of the disease are ignored, acute cystitis can become chronic.In the chronic course, cystitis manifests itself as relapses: symptoms appear at the slightest weakening of the organism and disappear for an indefinite period of time.
Urologists also distinguish:
- Infectious cystitis.Most often, cystitis occurs due to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).These can be other infections that entered the bladder due to poor personal hygiene.
- Traumatic cystitis.This type of cystitis is rare.The cause of the development of the inflammatory process can be any injury during medical and surgical procedures.For example, trauma during bladder catheterization.
- Chemical cystitis.It is caused by the excessive use of personal hygiene products and the use of strong drugs.Also, chemical cystitis is often diagnosed in patients who have undergone radiation or chemotherapy for cancer.
Primary cystitis is the primary lesion of the bladder and the manifestation of symptoms associated with bladder damage;Secondary cystitis is associated with secondary damage by bacteria coming from the kidney or changes in nearby organs and tissues.Clinically hidden kidney infection is often detected in women with symptoms of cystitis.In this case, we are talking about complicated cystitis in women.In addition, inflammation of the bladder can be the first manifestation of any urological disease or complicate its course.
Symptoms of cystitis
- frequent unproductive need to urinate;
- stinging and burning at the end of urination;
- feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- cloudy, frothy urine mixed with mucus;
- unpleasant, sharp smell of urine;
- pain in urethra and pelvis.
If unpleasant symptoms appear, consult a specialist.Professional urologists will carry out a complete diagnosis, make a correct diagnosis and prescribe an effective treatment.
Why does cystitis occur?
Cystitis in women is caused by microorganisms of bacterial, viral and parasitic nature.Often the cause of the disease is opportunistic intestinal microflora: Proteus, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Streptococcus.Entry of intestinal flora into the bladder is facilitated by poor personal hygiene, hypothermia, reduced immunity due to fatigue or illness, and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, which leads to disruption of the ratio of opportunistic flora with lacto- and bifidobacteria.
Often sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) cause inflammation of the bladder mucosa.Due to some similar symptoms, you may choose the wrong therapy during self-treatment, which will only temporarily remove the symptoms, but not the main cause.That is why doctors recommend seeking qualified help.
One of the most unpleasant forms of cystitis for a woman is postcoital cystitis, which is associated with the entry of infectious agents into the urethra during sexual intercourse.An examination of both partners, consultation of a gynecologist and a urologist, and a decision on the need for surgical treatment or correction of the soft tissues of the perineum with hyaluronic acid preparations are required.
Like many other diseases, cystitis can appear against the background of chronic neuropsychological stress, hormonal disorders and allergic diseases.The aggressive action of the metabolites of certain drugs, which are excreted in the urine and irritate the wall of the bladder mucosa, can also cause symptoms of the disease.
Predisposing factors for the development of cystitis in women:
- congenital anomalies (urethral cysts, narrowing of the urethra);
- hypermobile urethra;
- genetic predisposition;
- incorrectly selected antibiotic therapy and hormonal therapy;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- lack of contraception;
- non-observance of personal hygiene rules;
- pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
Disease diagnosis
If at least one symptom of cystitis is detected, the patient is recommended to consult a urologist.The clinic employs both female and male urologists to ensure maximum patient comfort.At the first examination, the doctor will thoroughly review your medical history, listen to complaints and ask questions about previous diseases of the genitourinary system.
In clinics, in order to confirm the diagnosis of cystitis and rule out serious diseases of the urinary bladder (cancer, tuberculosis), laboratory and instrumental research methods are carried out, in accordance with modern clinical recommendations for urology.Your doctor may suggest the following tests to diagnose cystitis:
- bacteriological examination of urine;
- PCR of urine for intracellular and viral infections;
- Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder;
- CT and MRI with contrast;
- cystoscopy;
- urodynamic study (uroflowmetry).
The medical center is equipped with the most modern diagnostic equipment.Very often in urology, a cystoscope is used for diagnostic purposes.Urethrocystoscopy is a highly accurate endoscopic examination of the genitourinary tract that enables the diagnosis of cystitis.Diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound, also provide detailed information about the state of the urinary system.
Cystitis in women is often associated with gynecological diseases such as colpitis or bacterial vaginosis.In older age, female cystitis is associated with menopause.With this in mind, the urologist can refer the woman to a gynecologist.
The scope of the diagnosis depends on the symptoms, accompanying diseases and the patient's medical history.Don't refuse to get tested.In order to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe effective treatment, it is important for the doctor to determine the underlying cause of the disease.
In the medical center, all studies are performed with the use of modern, high-tech, top-class equipment.Experienced specialists will help diagnose the disease in the early, asymptomatic stage in order to provide quality treatment on time.
Treatment of cystitis
Treatment of cystitis, whose symptoms can be mild or severe, is not recommended without consulting an experienced urologist.
Complex treatment is indicated for cystitis, which will not only eliminate the pathogen and alleviate the inflammatory process, but also preserve local immunity.As a rule, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.It is extremely important to follow all the doctor's instructions and complete the therapy.After prescribing drugs, the symptoms of cystitis disappear within 2-3 days, but this does not mean that the cause of the disease has been eliminated.Only complete treatment can guarantee that the disease will not go into a chronic phase.
Control studies based on the results of the treatment should be carried out within a week after the end of the treatment, their volume is determined by the doctor in each individual case.
Self-medication can lead to chronic inflammation, deterioration of the condition and involvement of the kidneys in the inflammatory process.Chronic inflammation increases the risk of cancer.Uncontrolled use of antibacterial therapy and any other drugs without a doctor's prescription is unacceptable.
Complications of cystitis
If the treatment is incorrect or in an advanced stage of chronic cystitis, the following complications are possible:
- urinary incontinence;
- vesicoureteral reflux;
- pyelonephritis;
- cystalgia.
Physiotherapy for cystitis
In the treatment of chronic and acute cystitis in women, physiotherapy has shown particular effectiveness as an auxiliary treatment.Physiotherapy improves blood flow, stimulates microcirculation and normalizes venous outflow.Procedures consolidate the effect of drug treatment, helping to prevent cystitis.The doctor may recommend:
- ozonotherapy;
- electrophoresis;
- magnetic therapy;
- ultrasound therapy.
All physiotherapy treatments can be performed in a specialized clinic under the supervision of experienced physiotherapists.
Advantages of treating cystitis in a modern clinic
- Specialists will carry out a complete diagnosis, make the correct diagnosis and prescribe a comprehensive treatment.
- Tests, treatment, rehabilitation - everything can be obtained in one clinic.
- The clinic offers effective physiotherapy for quick rehabilitation after treatment.
Prevention of cystitis
Urologists recommend that women undergo annual preventive examinations by gynecologists and urologists and undergo tests.This will allow you to determine the presence of inflammation in the body in time and prescribe treatment.Very often, diseases of the genitourinary system "do not hurt" and are asymptomatic.
Also, for the prevention of cystitis in women, it is recommended:
- avoid hypothermia;
- use contraception;
- adhere to the rules of personal hygiene;
- be sure to wash the external genitalia under running water before and after intercourse;
- avoid traumatic sexual positions that can damage the urethra;
- wear loose underwear that will not interfere with blood flow and lymphatic drainage;
- immediately treat all diseases of the genitourinary system.